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2020, Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development
Like several other sub-topics of urban planning and mobility research, research on the impacts of (urban) transportation on energy consumption is mainly based on the outcomes of studies on high-income and often Western countries. Developing countries and emerging markets have a smaller share of the international research on the topic, while policymaking based on local empirical research, they could cut a percentage of unnecessary energy overuse. The overall conclusion of this editorial note is that although the number of recent studies on the connections of transportation and energy use in developing countries and emerging markets may look considerable, it is still not consistent and comprehensive because the mentioned studies are only considerable in number when they are accounted as a whole, as well as being focused generally on a very large geographical and cultural context.
The urban transport systems of most cities are particularly vulnerable to the ‘ big rollover ’ in world oil production and still unprepared for the inevitable transition to a post-petroleum world. Likewise, global warming is placing additional pressure on urban transport to reduce its energy use and CO 2 output. This chapter provides a review of private and public transport, urban form, energy use, modal energy efficiency and CO 2 emissions patterns in an international sample of 84 cities in the USA, Canada, Australia, Western Europe, high and low income Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and China. It concentrates on factors such as urban density, transport infrastructure and car ownership and use, public transport and non-motorized mode use, in order to better understand patterns of passenger transport energy use and CO 2 emissions in different cities. It finds that average per capita energy use in private passenger transport is about 24 times higher in the study ’ s US cities than in the Chinese cities. CO 2 emissions from passenger transport follow a similar pattern. For example, Atlanta, the most car-dependent city in the study, produces 105 times more CO 2 per capita than Ho Chi Minh City. Some policy implications are outlined to reduce urban passenger transport energy use and CO 2 production. Wealth, for example, is not found to be a fundamental explanatory variable in understanding car use and energy use patterns in urban transport systems. Physical planning and infrastructure differences on the other hand are found to be fundamental. This means that urban and transport planners have a key role to play in shaping the direction of passenger transport energy consumption and CO 2 production in cities. This includes programs to limit growth in car and motorcycle ownership and usage, especially in developing cities and to protect and enhance the roles of public transport, walking and cycling, which are being decimated by motorization. Urban rail modes are found not only to be the most energy efficient, but also result in higher public transport use, offering speeds that are more competitive with the car. They also fit best with the need for strategically increasing urban densities through transit-oriented development, another key policy conclusion from the research. Traffic congestion is shown to act as a break on growing car use and energy use and urban policy needs to recognize this by a cessation of freeway building in cities and prioritising infrastructure for public transport and non-motorized modes. Likewise, high parking levels in central cities encourages greater car and energy use and needs to be curtailed and reduced. Finally, cities need to strategically focus denser, mixed use urban development into nodes, including traditional CBDs, linked by high quality public transport operating on its own right-of-way to create more transit-oriented, polycentric metropolises.
Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Arlington
Transportation In Developing Countries: An Overview of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategies2002 •
The association between urban population density and transport energy consumption is a well-discussed topic in the metropolitan level. However it is less studied in the regional scale. This paper demonstrates the results of an observation about transport energy use in 174 regions of Iran. Logarithmic regression analysis shows very weak associations between urban population density and transport fuel use in the regional level. However statistical analysis of population size and the area of the regions by means of Kruskal-Wallis test indicates that regions with medium populations of between 100000 and 500000 inhabitants and areas of between 2000 and 5000 square kilometers enjoy more energy-efficient consumption than regions with more than 500000 people and 15000 square kilometers area and small regions of less than 100000 residents and 2000 square kilometers. This observation raises the question about higher energy efficiency of mid-sized cities and regions. Also more specialized studies about urban sprawl and its impacts on transport energy consumption in small towns and rural places seem desirable.
2011 •
Global reliance and continued growth in oil demand is likely to persist in future as a result of high growth in vehicle ownership from emerging affluence in developing economies. The outcome will lead to growing oil price risks along with increasing greenhouse gas emissions. We show the importance of compact city development to the projected per capita energy use in developing cities. Policies that address the decline in city density during the transition from emerging to affluent cities are shown to provide substantial long-term transport energy savings. We formulate an improved estimation of vehicle ownership and unit vehicle travel using a refined saturation derivation. We combine our vehicle ownership and unit travel model with a vehicle fleet model to predict consumer preference and the rate of diffusion of alternative vehicle technologies. In this analysis, preventing the decline in urban compactness reduces per capita transport energy use in developing cities by up to 50% in ...
2018 •
Most of cities in developing countries face the dual challenge of an extremely rapid urban transition and the energy transition. In this context of a potential explosion of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions related to the increase in the demand for urban mobility, SUMP (Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan), or PDU in their French meaning (Plan de Déplacement Urbain), are becoming increasingly important. Southern cities are unique in many ways: in addition to their high population growth rate and weak local capacity, potentially major investments in the near future require specific and innovative solutions to face urban mobility challenges. This paper, wrote by Jean-Jacques Helluin, who is the Executive Manager of CODATU, discusses the major issues involved in adapting SUMP in southern cities : the link between urban planing and transport, the overcoming of the North’s mistakes, the social dimension of mobility, the governance and the financing of sustainable mobility improvement.
Road transport will account for a large share of developing countries' future energy demand. This paper reviews the trends in road transport energy consumption in 12 countries (Group of 7 and BRICS) over the period 1973-2010. We report several stylised facts: road transport energy use and its share in total energy use have been rising; there were large differences in road transport energy use per capita across countries, resulting from differences in country size, resource endowments, fuel prices, and other factors; oil accounts for approximately 95% of road transport energy in the selected countries (except Brazil); oil will likely be the dominant road transport energy source in most countries for some years to come but not in the long run; and the use of alternative road transport energy sources is increasing.
1988 •
2000 •
European Journal of Energy Research
Energy Consumption from Transport Sector and CO2 Emission: A Case of Kandahar City2022 •
This paper is concerned with the prospective estimation of energy consumption in the transport sector. To determine the long-term energy consumption targets for transport in Kandahar city. Later on CO2 emission is calculated based on energy consumption in transport sector of Kandahar city from year 2017 to 2020 and the amount of emission is forecasted till 2030. Upon conducting this research it is found out that transport demand has increased during the last few years due to change in population growth and GDP. As a result, traffic congestion, road accidents, parking problems and air quality are worsening. In addition to those, lack of proper transport management system, public transport infrastructure and insufficient road capacity are adding growing energy demand and environmental problems of Kandahar transport sector. In order to avoid such problems, this research is conducted to focus on the energy demand and CO2 emission only in transport sector of the Kandahar city. This study...
1968 •
Indian Journal of Community and Family Medicine
Developing the underdeveloped: Aspirational districts program from public health point of view2018 •
Lan Harremanak. Revista de Relaciones Laborales
Experiencia en metodologías activas: proyecto para las asignaturas Introducción a la Contabilidad y Contabilidad Financiera en el Grado de Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humanos de la UPV/EHU2017 •
American Journal of Energy Engineering
Temperature and Stirring Effect of Biogas Production from Two Different Systems2017 •
Global Studies of Childhood
Luring Lolita: the age of consent and the burden of responsibility for online luring2011 •
Nature neuroscience
Novel genetic loci underlying human intracranial volume identified through genome-wide association2016 •
Proceedings of the International Conference on Bio-inspired Systems and Signal Processing
Hybrid Parameterization System for Writer Identification2009 •
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Positive control mutations in the MyoD basic region fail to show cooperative DNA binding and transcriptional activation in vitro1994 •
Journal of dairy science
The effects of live yeast supplementation to dairy cows during the hot season on production, feed efficiency, and digestibility2009 •
Human Movement Science
Explicit and implicit motor sequence learning in children and adults; the role of age and visual working memory2019 •
Electrochimica Acta
Electrochemical characterization of NaFe2(CN)6 Prussian Blue as positive electrode for aqueous sodium-ion batteries2016 •
2014 •
Food Control
Study of the effectiveness of quick tests based on physical properties for the evaluation of used frying oil2012 •
2012 •
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data
A cross-service travel engine for trip planning2011 •
Community Empowerment
Strengthening the mosque-based community economy in Cirebon CityPhysical Review Research
Electron bounce-cyclotron resonance in capacitive discharges at low magnetic fields2022 •
Materials Today: Proceedings
Performance of self-compacting geopolymer concrete using Bacillus Licheniformis2020 •
International Journal of Chemical Studies
Studies on anatomical properties of Salix hybrids wood2019 •